Paul Antonik Wakfer wrote:
>
> The following published letter gives a basis for understanding the
> evidence that serum glucose spikes are far more harmful than would be
> expected merely from their contribution to the total glycation
> effects.
>
> ---------------- Start of publication ------------------
>
> Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Jun 1;44(11):1970. Epub 2008 Mar 18.
> Deleterious effects due to glucose or to triose phosphates.
> Fridovich I.
> Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center,
> Durham, NC
> 27710, USA.
> PMID: 18394431
>
> Article
>
> Many of the deleterious consequences of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
> have been attributed to nonenzymatic glycation and such glycation
> reactions have been extensively studied [1]. ****ahata et al. [2] have
> recently re****ted that a 15-min exposure of rat brain slices to 20 mM
> D-glucose resulted in increased production of superoxide with
> decreased arteriolar vasodilation in response to acetylcholine.
> Strikingly 20 mM L-glucose was without effect. The nonenzymatic
> glycation reaction begins with the coupling of the potential carbonyl
> on C-1 of glucose with the amino groups on proteins or nucleic acids.
> Since the designations D or L pertain to sterio isomerism at C-5 of
> the glucose, it must be expected that D- or L-glucose will participate
> in nonenzymatic glycation reactions to the same degree. Moreover
> glycation by glucose is a slow reaction and could not have proceeded
> significantly in 15 min. It follows that the effects re****ted by
> ****ahata et al. could not have been due to nonenzymatic glycations by
> D-glucose.
>
> Glucose exists in solution overwhelmingly in the pyranose form, in
> which the carbonyl on C-1 cyclizes by hemiacetal formation with the
> hydroxyl on C-5. This masking of the carbonyl explains the slugginess
> of nonenzymatic glycation. D-Glucose but not L-glucose can be
> converted, by the enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway, to triose
> phosphates, for which cyclization by hemiacetal formation is not
> possible. Hence the triose phosphates are much more prone to
> condensation with amino groups than are hexoses such as glucose.
> Moreover the triose phosphates can tautomerize to enediols that are
> likely to autooxidize with formation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide,
> and diketones [3], [4] and [5]. For these reasons the effects re****ted
> by ****ahata et al. [2] were most probably due to the triose phosphates
> derived from D-glucose rather than to D-glucose itself.
>
> A remaining puzzle is why 20 mM glucose was harmful while 5 mM was
> not. The rate of entry of D-glucose into the glycolytic pathway is by
> way of the hexokinase- or glucokinase-catalyzed phosphorylations.
> Hexokinase exhibits a Km for D-glucose of approximately 0.1 mM and is
> subject to allosteric inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate. In contrast
> glucokinase exhibits a Km for D-glucose of 10 mM and is not inhibited
> by glucose 6-phosphate. Thus at 20 mM glucose the glycolytic flux
> would not be regulated by the steady-state level of glucose 6-
> phosphate, and the formation of the triose phosphates would be higher
> than the 5-fold difference in the concentration of the D-glucose
> applied by ****ahata et al. [2] It is fortunate that the equilibrium of
> the aldolase reaction lies far toward fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Were
> this not the case the concentration of the triose phosphates would be
> higher and the deleterious effects of glucose would be apparent even
> at the normal 4 mM.
The latter did not happen by fortune but rather by GOD's design.
We know this because there is no such thing as fortune when everything
that the world would attribute to chance happens by GOD.
"The lot is cast into the lap but its every decision comes from the
LORD." -- King Solomon (Proverbs 16:33)
> References
>
> [1] G. Misciagna, G. De Michelle and M. Trvisan, Nonenzymatic glycated
> proteins in the blood and cardiovascular disease, Curr. Pharm. Des. 13
> (2008), pp. 3688=EF=BF=BD3695.
>
> [2] K. ****ahata, H. Kino****a, T. Azma, N. Matsuda, K. Hama-Tomioka,
> M. Haba and Y. Hatano, Propofal restores brain microvascular function
> impaired by high glucose via the decrease in oxidative stress,
> Anesthesiology 108 (2008), pp. 269=EF=BF=BD275.
>
> [3] T. Yamaguchi and K. ****agawa, Mutagenicity of and formation of
> oxygen free radicals by trioses and glyoxal derivatives, Agric. Biol.
> Chem. 47 (1983), pp. 2461=EF=BF=BD2465.
>
> [4] T. Ma****no and I. Fridovich, Mechanism of cyanide-catalyzed
> oxidation of alpha-ketoaldehydes and alpha-ketoalcohols, Arch.
> Biochem. Biophys. 252 (1987), pp. 163=EF=BF=BD170.
>
> [5] T. Ma****no and I. Fridovich, Superoxide radical initiates the
> autoxidation of dihydroxyacetone, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254 (1987),
> pp. 547=EF=BF=BD551.
>
> ---------------- End of publication -----------
>
> However, while the biochemical analysis above is brilliant, note the
> illogic of the last two sentences, which effectively reverse the cause
> and effect of physical reality and evolution. Rather they should have
> been written:
>
> "The likely reason why 4 mM of serum glucose is the more normal and
> healthier value is because the equilibrium of the aldolase reaction
> lies far toward fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which makes the
> concentration of the triose phosphates and the consequent deleterious
> effects of glucose much lower than at the higher value of 20 mM that
> showed such strong negative effects."
"The reason why the higher value of 20 mM has such strong negative
effects while the normal 4 mM concentration of glucose in the serum is
not harmful is to discipline those who unwisely choose to overeat." --
Holy Spirit
Amen.
"If you find honey, eat just enough=E2=80=94 too much of it, and you will
vomit." -- King Solomon (Proverbs 25:16)
May dear neighbors, friends, and brethren have a blessedly wonderful
2008th year since the birth of our LORD Jesus Christ as our Messiah,
the Son of Man ...
=2E.. by being hungrier:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f891e617d10bd689?
Hunger is wonderful ! ! !
It's how we know what GOD desires, which is all that is good.
Yes, hunger is our knowledge of good versus evil that Adam and Eve
paid for with their and our immortal lives.
"Blessed are you who hunger NOW...
=2E.. for you will be satisfied." -- LORD Jesus Christ (Luke 6:21)
Amen.
Here is a Spirit-guided exegesis of Luke 6:21 given in hopes of
promoting much greater understanding:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/cc2aa8f8a4d41360?
Be hungry... be healthy... be hungrier... be euglycemic...
Marana tha
Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,
Andrew <><
--
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/3558812d72ab4e17?
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